Cortex Torque Arm Racechrono Track Review

2013DIBGT

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Thanks for posting this. I would love to see a similar video of how the rear axle behaves with the Torque arm under similar conditions.

In the grand scheme of things even if the TA did nothing else but allow for greater bite off the line as compared to the factory 3-link while launching the car I feel it pays for itself.

Whiskey11 reported being able to launch at a fairly significant RPM higher using race tires then before with the 3link so I feel those benefits can't be ignored.

Whiskey11, have you tried launching the car with street tires since the TA install and if so how much higher of an RPM does the TA allow you to hookup verses your previous 3link?

Thanks
 

Sky Render

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That "greater bite" could just as easily be had by using LCA relocation brackets, something which Whiskey is unable to use in his SCCA class, hence his use of the Torque Arm.
 

TheViking

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Keep in mind he did ultimately solve his problem with an adjustable UCA and some suspension tuning. No mention of NVH but most reviews I've read have reported significant increase in noise transmitted with aftermarket UCA's containing poly or solid bushings.
 

Whiskey11

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Thanks for posting this. I would love to see a similar video of how the rear axle behaves with the Torque arm under similar conditions.

In the grand scheme of things even if the TA did nothing else but allow for greater bite off the line as compared to the factory 3-link while launching the car I feel it pays for itself.

Whiskey11 reported being able to launch at a fairly significant RPM higher using race tires then before with the 3link so I feel those benefits can't be ignored.

Whiskey11, have you tried launching the car with street tires since the TA install and if so how much higher of an RPM does the TA allow you to hookup verses your previous 3link?

Thanks

I would love to get a video similar with the TA setup and it is on the list to do but I just havent had the time to do it.

The forward bite and higher RPM launch is entirely the product of the 10%ish increase in %AS. As for race tires vs street tires, my autocross tires are a set of Hankook RS3's in 265/40/18 which are 200 treadwear Extreme Summer Performance street tires. My "street" tires are my old 245/45/18 Star Specs, another 200 treadwear Extreme Summer tire. Sadly, the star specs have not been put on since the TA went on because I have had autocross events the last two weekends and this weekend and basically up till next.
 

2013DIBGT

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Understood, in terms of the use of LCA relocation brackets and helping with forward bite but that still leaves you with a marshmallow like bushing in the UCA to deal with.

Not changing the UCA at all seems to be the only way to avoid harsh NVH but that also looks to be an open invitation for wheel hop issues and frequent failures of the rubber bushing since it will now be the path of least resistance for rear pumpkin movement, especially when used with an aftermarket LCA setup.

Using a Poly with Spherical Bearing UCA combo seems to only buy you a little more time before failure of the Poly bushing eventually occurs by way of split bushings.

This all leaves you with only one real "Fix" for the UCA problems and that being a full spherical bearing setup at both ends at which point you can kiss any hope of ride comfort goodbye.

Vorshlag posted in another thread about switching to the Multimatic UCA unit used the Boss 302 Racecars but at $800 I would rather go with a TA for a little more and avoid all the BS that goes along with the UCA altogether. Granted, the $800 dollar UCA unit may be the perfect solution for those dictated by racing rules of some flavor and those folks probably could care less about NVH anyway.

As usual, this all is IMO/YMMV/etc..etc
 

barbaro

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OK, you previously said that the torque arm is the most "transformative" modification you can do to the S197 chassis. Whiskey did just that: install a torque arm on his S197 chassis. He did this in a vacuum, holding all other variables constant. He did not see the stunning transmogrification that you said he would.

Now, you are saying that's because his setup is somehow grossly "different" than yours whenever it is not. His springs are not significantly stiffer than yours. His dampers are not significantly different. He has a Torsen differential like you do. He has a Watts linkage, which while chassis-mounted versus differential-mounted, has the same operating principles as yours. The only real difference is stock lower control arms without anti-squat correction.

So I suppose what I'm getting at is this: are you saying that the torque arm itself is the cause of your car's drastically improved handling, or maybe--just maybe--could it be the "entire package" of Cortex equipment you have on your car?



:hi:
I acknowledge your point I put the torque arm and the LCA's on at the same time. that is when i noticed the difference. I don't agree that we have spring rates anywhere close though. His front spring rate is 400 to my 167. I have previously several times acknowledged that I accredit the whole package with the improvement, but the Torque Arm addition to the Watts Link and lower control arms seems to be the most significant change and what I attribute most of the improvement to.
 

kcbrown

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Mild rear springs in particular. Squat with a TA or a UCA is still going to be independent of nose rise. At some point, looking at only the geometry and assuming pure heave motion of the car won't be sufficient, nor will the correction I've already added for driver weight added after the co-ordinates were determined.

Understood. Much of the perceived pitch motion comes from the action at the rear, though, so tightly constraining it should yield noticeable improvement over what one would have otherwise.


You'd need to consider the effect of pitch on chassis side rear suspension Z-coordinates, PHB mid-length height, chassis-mounted WL main pvot height and CG height - which define AS% and roll steer - but there will be some relation. It's a do-able evaluation in Excel with several more input data items including separate front and rear spring stiffnesses and suspension motion ratios. Been thinking about working through this for a while, but it's not happening today.
That's okay. Take your time. :)


It wouldn't take much relocation of the UCA pivot(s) to put you in the 45% - 50% AS range even with the shorter OE UCAs. Some really quick & dirty numbers - something like 3/8" down at the chassis or 3/8" up at the axle. Or 3/16" down (chassis) with 3/16" up (axle), which you could almost get just with offset bushings at both ends. A little relocation at each end appears to affect PA sweep less than trying to get the entire 3/8" at the chassis. 3/8" at the axle does not offhand seem feasible unless you really are good enough with welding equipment to re-work the diff side ear. AS% variability varies from high to low by less than 5% from -2" (squat) to +1" rise. PA sweep goes up a little, though the higher AS% implies that you won't use as much suspension travel, so this might end up being a wash vs OE UCA geometry.
Well, this raises a real question: why didn't Ford locate the UCA in precisely that way? What benefit could there possibly be with the current geometry that would exceed the benefits of greater control over the rear end under acceleration and braking?


Roll steer is primarily a LCA + PHB or LCA + Watts link phenomenon, with the TA or a UCA being only indirectly related through any differences in AS% (which comes around to that effect to LCA inclinations).
I don't see how the PHB/Watts comes into the picture. I'm envisioning roll steer as a phenomenon that changes the rear wheel angle around the vertical axis relative to the chassis by way of fore/rear movement of one side of the axle relative to the other. Unless the PHB/Watts are applying fore/aft forces on the axle at their axle-side endpoints, that is, in which case the limits of that part of the motion in question should be primarily dictated by the bushings used on the LCAs. But just how much force are we really talking about here? My off the cuff calculation, which assumes a 2 degree difference between the PHB and axle, yields a 50 pound fore/aft force when there's 1500 pounds of lateral load on the PHB. I don't imagine that would be enough to cause much compression of the LCA bushings. That leaves bind at the endpoints, and I'm not sure how great the forces from that would be (and, in any case, that bind would serve to counteract the roll steer effects, but again, the effect there would be determined by the LCA bushings).
 

Norm Peterson

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Yes, it was one of those. Thanks.



Thanks especially for the link.

If you look closely, there is still a bit of UCA twitching going on even when the hop was declared "cured". Certainly better controlled, but I still wouldn't call it exterminated. He may have to stiffen up the engine mounts or go to rod-ended rear suspension pivots for any further improvement.


Norm
 

kcbrown

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The devil is in the details.

Always. :evil:



True, but if I'm going to think about swapping away from OE to anything I'm going to try to get the most out of my mod. Not a whole lot different than giving thought to TA length if I was going to "roll my own" TA.
Of course. But many people don't have the resources or possibly even the expertise (since what we're talking about here requires fabrication capability) to roll their own in the way you're speaking of here.


Predictable is what you want. Actually defining that probably not as easy.
This is certainly true, and I've been thinking about that a bit. For instance, AS% ultimately translates to forces in the rear, but you've got springs back there that exert forces that are position-dependent. The AS% curve that you'd design would have to account for that.


You can still make minor adjustments that should be clearly noticeable. See my previous post.
Yeah, and that's very interesting. And it raises the question: do the existing aftermarket UCA relocation brackets allow you to position the UCA in the way you described (assuming no change in the differential-side pickup point)?


Noise and vibrations are not confined to the axial direction of either a UCA or a TA. You'll get vertical and lateral bending modeshapes and (mostly in the case of a TA) one or more torsional modes. Even poly will take some of the sting out of suddenly applied axial forces and axial vibration modes (in a UCA) and vertical and lateral forces at a TA's chassis side pickup.
This is certainly true, but the magnitudes of the forces involved are dominated by the axial ones. NVH is, essentially, the result of instantaneous change in the forces being seen by the endpoint, and I would expect the force that dominates in terms of longer-term magnitude to also dominate in terms of the magnitude of instantaneous changes to it.

That might not be the case here, but it's what I would expect.


Given the PA sweep with a TA being less affected by bushing distortion, you could easily justify a softer TA bushing than you'd need for a UCA and a similar level of PA control.
Right. And this strikes me as being one of the major benefits of the TA relative to the UCA when one is concerned about NVH.


A little while back I saw a video that shows just how much the OE UCA bushings deform under conditions of wheel hop - it's an unbelievably huge amount, which implies huge PA changes separate from the effects of ride height variation. I should have copied the link, because I can't find it now that I want to link to it. I'm pretty sure it was in one of the threads about the Whiteline UCA, but I don't even remember if it was here at S197forum.com.
Yeah, I saw that video. It was very impressive, to say the least.


Handling forums tend to be that way. If you aren't hardcore interested you don't bother to even investigate the topics, and if you're a 'regular' because you are it's because it's priority #1.
I think that vastly oversimplifies things. You have a wide spectrum of people who are interested in the topic of handling, everything from those who are fabricating their own race cars and don't care at all about NVH, to those whose primary concern is NVH but who want to maximize the handling performance of their car while keeping NVH minimized. Each person has their own specific tolerance of NVH.

But no matter where you are in that spectrum, an understanding of the engineering behind the suspension and the principles that one can use to determine how best to achieve a given level of handling is highly beneficial, and so I would expect anyone who has an interest in handling and at least some interest in the engineering behind it to be interested in this forum. I certainly am, and as I indicated previously, my tolerance for NVH is going to be on the low side.


Now the TA-equipped car I did drive was a daily-driven moderate ESP car with springs somewhat stiffer than stock but not particularly heavier than barbaro's in terms of wheel rate (or stiffer than mine, in my similarly sprung, similar-weight 1979 Malibu, for that matter), and it may have had a little more sta-bar than OE. I'd never driven on R-compound tires before either, but I was consistently well within a second at autocross as the car's owner starting with my second run in his car. I wish that experience had been more recent (though not the reason I ended up with the opportunity), but the memory of how easy it was to drive that car hard is still clear.
It'll be interesting, to be sure, to see what benefits the torque arm brings to my car once I put it on (which won't be immediately -- I want to experience the car in all its stock glory before I make suspension modifications).
 
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Norm Peterson

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I don't see how the PHB/Watts comes into the picture. I'm envisioning roll steer as a phenomenon that changes the rear wheel angle around the vertical axis relative to the chassis by way of fore/rear movement of one side of the axle relative to the other. Unless the PHB/Watts are applying fore/aft forces on the axle at their axle-side endpoints, that is, in which case the limits of that part of the motion in question should be primarily dictated by the bushings used on the LCAs. But just how much force are we really talking about here? My off the cuff calculation, which assumes a 2 degree difference between the PHB and axle, yields a 50 pound fore/aft force when there's 1500 pounds of lateral load on the PHB. I don't imagine that would be enough to cause much compression of the LCA bushings. That leaves bind at the endpoints, and I'm not sure how great the forces from that would be (and, in any case, that bind would serve to counteract the roll steer effects, but again, the effect there would be determined by the LCA bushings).
Roll steer is actually a yaw or vertical axis rotation of the axle, which is exactly how a rigid axle is made to steer. Consider the front axle and wheels of a child's wagon.

In that simplified situation, the axle's axis of rotation is the same as the required "steer" axis (assuming that nothing has been bent in use/abuse).

For a suspended rigid axle, that pure kind of steering rotation is not possible, but after a fashion it still does roll about some axis. The axle's "own roll axis" is necessarily defined by two points of lateral restraint; IOW points that fix this virtual axis in space. One such point is the WL main pivot or a symmetrically disposed PHB midpoint. The other is the convergence point of lines projected through the LCA axes. This is another virtual point, but it is where geometrically the LCAs effectively provide lateral restraint.

When this axis is perfectly horizontal (in side view, obviously), the axle is free to roll about it - relative to the chassis - with no steer effects at all. Although it is possible to arrange this, it will only be momentary. More on this later.

But as this axle's own roll axis picks up any slope, roll about that axis produces a component of rotation that is seen "globally" as axle steer. And the steeper the axle's roll axis, the greater the amount of axle steer for any given amount of axle roll.

Why you might not want zero roll steer - the axle's mown roll axis inclination wanders around as ride height varies. Never mind that you don't want axle steer wandering too deeply into oversteer as the rear suspension is unloaded. Less rear tire grip because the rear tires are unloaded plus the axle trying to steer itself around the outside of the car, all happening at the end of the car that you only have indirect steering control over . . . let's just say that everybody has a limit beyond which this will give them a seat-pucker moment.

Race Car Vehicle Dynamics has several illustrations showing axle "roll axes" for various rear suspension configurations, as I think Fred Puhn's "How to Make Your Car Handle" and other softcover books do as well.


Norm
 
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kcbrown

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Roll steer is actually a yaw or vertical axis rotation of the axle, which is exactly how a rigid axle is made to steer. Consider the front axle and wheels of a child's wagon.

In that simplified situation, the axle's axis of rotation is the same as the required "steer" axis (assuming that nothing has been bent in use/abuse).

Right, but the reason it steers at all is that the wheels change their angle in rotation around the vertical axis when the ground is the reference. It is that component that matters for roll steer.


For a suspended rigid axle, that pure kind of steering rotation is not possible, but after a fashion it still does roll about some axis. The axle's "own roll axis" is necessarily defined by two points of lateral restraint; IOW points that fix this virtual axis in space. One such point is the WL main pivot or a symmetrically disposed PHB midpoint. The other is the convergence point of lines projected through the LCA axes. This is another virtual point, but it is where geometrically the LCAs effectively provide lateral restraint.
Okay, I see what you're saying here. Yes, if the roll axis is not parallel to the ground and parallel to the longitudinal plane of the car (the plane that is perpendicular to the ground and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the car -- there's probably a direct term for this that escapes me), then you'll get a roll steer effect when the axle is rotated around that axis even if the LCAs were infinite in length.

But how much roll steer would you get from that relative to what you'd get as a result of a difference in the component length of the LCAs that is parallel to the ground (i.e., that result in fore/aft motion of the axle endpoints relative to the chassis)? My suspicion is that the latter dominates the equation unless you have a highly canted roll axis.


Why you might not want zero roll steer - the axle's mown roll axis inclination wanders around as ride height varies. Never mind that you don't want axle steer wandering too deeply into oversteer as the rear suspension is unloaded. Less rear tire grip because the rear tires are unloaded plus the axle trying to steer itself around the outside of the car, all happening at the end of the car that you only have indirect steering control over . . . let's just say that everybody has a limit beyond which this will give them a seat-pucker moment.
That's an interesting point, and in fact, I can see how roll steer could actually be used to good effect in improving the cornering characteristics of the car.


Race Car Vehicle Dynamics has several illustrations showing axle "roll axes" for various rear suspension configurations, as I think Fred Puhn's "How to Make Your Car Handle" and other softcover books do as well.
Thanks for the pointers. Sounds like some good and useful reading...
 
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Sky Render

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I acknowledge your point I put the torque arm and the LCA's on at the same time. that is when i noticed the difference. I don't agree that we have spring rates anywhere close though. His front spring rate is 400 to my 167. I have previously several times acknowledged that I accredit the whole package with the improvement, but the Torque Arm addition to the Watts Link and lower control arms seems to be the most significant change and what I attribute most of the improvement to.

I got very similar results to what you attribute soley to the torque arm by installing my Whiteline LCAs and antisquat brackets. I described the effect as "making the car feel smaller."

It is often difficult to describe how a car "feels" before and after a mod.
 

Norm Peterson

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But how much roll steer would you get from that relative to what you'd get as a result of a difference in the component length of the LCAs that is parallel to the ground (i.e., that result in fore/aft motion of the axle endpoints relative to the chassis)?
Ignore what the LCAs by themselves are doing. That's really just a simplified aid to visualization rather than the definition of the axle's actual roll geometry. It generally predicts what the axle ends should do because in these cases with a PHB or WL arrangement the other axle roll axis point is at least relatively fixed.

But with other stick axle arrangements you could be misled by looking only at the lowers - where LCAs running uphill to the chassis (which normally indicates vehicle roll oversteer) could actually produce vehicle roll understeer instead.

Even the fact that the plan view LCA convergence point in the S197 lies behind the axle absolutely matters.

Ultimately, it sort of comes out in the wash since you'd use the mean height of the projected LCA axes (think side view here) at the point where they converge in plan view. You have to keep both views in mind. Generally, this can be taken the same as a mean LCA inclination for the two LCAs, which assuming roll to be symmetrical about the car centerline (at least at the rear) ends up being the same as the static inclination.


Norm
 
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barbaro

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I got very similar results to what you attribute soley to the torque arm by installing my Whiteline LCAs and antisquat brackets. I described the effect as "making the car feel smaller."

It is often difficult to describe how a car "feels" before and after a mod.

Very possible. I had LCA relocation brackets before. It is quite possible that the changed lower control arms has a bigger benefit than i give them credit for. I have had these kind of lower control arms before and they didn't give me the feel I have now though. But I do acknowledge that it is not necessarily all the torque arm. But as Gd is my witness, on my car, it really works well. Although I wish I had never said so.

And it is very hard to describe how a car feels and that is where I am having the most trouble communicating. The car feels different. Better in ways that are hard to articulate. Although I have done my best.
 

kcbrown

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And it is very hard to describe how a car feels and that is where I am having the most trouble communicating. The car feels different. Better in ways that are hard to articulate. Although I have done my best.

It may be that the car simply feels more stable, more predictable. That would be consistent with having an instant center that doesn't move about as much as it used to.
 

sheizasosay

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Understood, in terms of the use of LCA relocation brackets and helping with forward bite but that still leaves you with a marshmallow like bushing in the UCA to deal with.

Not changing the UCA at all seems to be the only way to avoid harsh NVH but that also looks to be an open invitation for wheel hop issues and frequent failures of the rubber bushing since it will now be the path of least resistance for rear pumpkin movement, especially when used with an aftermarket LCA setup.

Using a Poly with Spherical Bearing UCA combo seems to only buy you a little more time before failure of the Poly bushing eventually occurs by way of split bushings.

This all leaves you with only one real "Fix" for the UCA problems and that being a full spherical bearing setup at both ends at which point you can kiss any hope of ride comfort goodbye.

Vorshlag posted in another thread about switching to the Multimatic UCA unit used the Boss 302 Racecars but at $800 I would rather go with a TA for a little more and avoid all the BS that goes along with the UCA altogether. Granted, the $800 dollar UCA unit may be the perfect solution for those dictated by racing rules of some flavor and those folks probably could care less about NVH anyway.

As usual, this all is IMO/YMMV/etc..etc

Roush's anti-wheel hop kit is in a unique position. The bushing durometer is inbetween OEM and poly yet has a lower hole on the mount to increase AS. You would have to put a spherical on the diff side to reduce bind as it obviously doesn't articulate, but you would wind up with increase AS and certainly a lot less NVH than a poly. I would be assuming that bind wouldn't be introduced until the spherical at the diff reached max travel and started binding. How far that in travel until that happens, I have no idea.
 

kcbrown

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Roush's anti-wheel hop kit is in a unique position. The bushing durometer is inbetween OEM and poly yet has a lower hole on the mount to increase AS. You would have to put a spherical on the diff side to reduce bind as it obviously doesn't articulate, but you would wind up with increase AS and certainly a lot less NVH than a poly. I would be assuming that bind wouldn't be introduced until the spherical at the diff reached max travel and started binding. How far that in travel until that happens, I have no idea.

But the problem is that by replacing the diff side bushing with a spherical bushing, you'd be eliminating the full amount of that bushing's anti-NVH effect. Now, suddenly, you're asking the chassis side bushing to absorb the full amount of NVH, not just whatever amount was previously being absorbed there. And that bushing has already been reduced in its ability to absorb NVH due to the change in material.

I'd thus expect to see a massive increase in NVH (relative to stock) through the use of that kit. Of course, the only way to really know would be to try it...
 

sheizasosay

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I'd thus expect to see a massive increase in NVH (relative to stock) through the use of that kit. Of course, the only way to really know would be to try it...

I wouldn't compare it against stock. To me it's an alternate option for a TA or $800 UCA or spherical type(delsphere, rotojoing, J&M...) UCA. Considering the Roush is the only option you're gonna get that has a more absorbant bushing than poly and also increases AS. The rest are either poly or a derivative of a heim. It is unique in that sense.

The Roush kit has been reported to have no increase in NVH while using an OEM rubber bushing on the diff. A poly UCA with a rubber diff bushing can't say the same. Either way, it's a compromise, but possibly a solution aswell depending on your goals. I don't know anyone running a heim diff bushing and a Roush kit. I'm gonna snoop around on FNsweet and see if anybody is running that.

As I said before I don't have experience with it. It's part speculation. The only 2 facts in what I said is that it has a softer than poly bushing and has increased AS over stock. The rest is speculation.
 

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But the problem is that by replacing the diff side bushing with a spherical bushing, you'd be eliminating the full amount of that bushing's anti-NVH effect. Now, suddenly, you're asking the chassis side bushing to absorb the full amount of NVH, not just whatever amount was previously being absorbed there. And that bushing has already been reduced in its ability to absorb NVH due to the change in material.

I'd thus expect to see a massive increase in NVH (relative to stock) through the use of that kit. Of course, the only way to really know would be to try it...

I remember reading something Strano posted a couple years ago (when he still had his s197) claiming that stock uca and the spherical diff bushing had minimal (i.e. Counterintuitive) levels of NVH. What sucks is the process involved in removing the stock rubber bushing.

Can't find those old posts for the life of me though
 

Whiskey11

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I remember reading something Strano posted a couple years ago (when he still had his s197) claiming that stock uca and the spherical diff bushing had minimal (i.e. Counterintuitive) levels of NVH. What sucks is the process involved in removing the stock rubber bushing.

Can't find those old posts for the life of me though

To make matters worse the SCCA's rules for UCA's in autocross is that you can replace the UCA with ANY UCA you want, including one with sphericals, but the diff bushing is the only bushing that is subject to the bushing rules in the ST and SP rules. It's a bit stupid and my letter asking for clarification opined on as much, especially in the ST class which seems to be the last bastion of modified, streetable cars.
 

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