I seriously doubt the shim caused that damage. Its actually not that uncommon of a failure on high milage engines.I had an old 289 with auto, that engine had about a 1/4" crank endplay. Yes 0.250"
All it takes is one short period of oil starvation to score the bearing surface, and it will eat itself after. Or possible some oil contamination.
As far as shimming the slave, you are shimming it so it will not over-extend and fall apart. That's the only reason. Shimming only moves the slave piston's travel, will not change pedal engagement.
Lightbulb moment: you shimmed to get a better pedal. I think the clutch is worn and needs replaced, a new friction disk at minimum. A worn clutch requires higher effort, which WILL put more pressure on the crank thrust. hmmmmmm